The conference "Learn to work" were presented data of the Bulgarian Industrial Association, on qualified personnel in the country. According to them, over 200 professions feel a lack of qualified specialists, which formed 40% of the professional fields who study in vocational schools in the country.
The data were presented by the expert Tomcho Tomov. "Shortage of skilled personnel is in automation, and communications, agriculture, energy, construction, himicheksta and metallurgical and food industry" - says Tomov.
Lack of specialists exist in occupations that are important to the industry, turners, fitters, technicians, mechanics, welders, fitters, crane operators, drivers and others. Seek and staff with secondary education for waiters, bartenders, vendors, chefs, beauticians, hairdressers and soon is expected to increase the demand for tailors, machine operators, workers in the food industry and darboprerabotvaneto.
The problem here is that there are fewer children who choose to attend vocational school. According to Tomov, who are exploring the duality of education, which covers 300 vocational schools, schools simply can not form a sufficient intake of children.
This is caused in the past 10 years, students in vocational schools have dropped by 25%. 70% of graduates graduate in ordinary high school where you do not have any special qualifications. According to experts from BIA vocational schools are victims of unfair competition from the humanities, especially language schools. The reason is that because of delegated budgets pupils turn into money, leading to a steady increase in classes in language schools and mainstream schools.
Moreover, teachers in vocational schools, and also reduce it to trend. A few years ago they were around 37% of teachers in the country are currently 7% and expect further reduction in their number.
Besides professionally trained staff shortages and unprofessional ones. Each year, the labor force decreased by 35 thousand. People and for the last 14 years, people of working age decreased by 400 thousand. People (8%). Many factors influence the reduction of the workforce, but most remained strong negative natural population growth and emigration. According to Tomov annually abroad flee about 27 thousand. Youth.
70% of secondary school graduates do plan to migrate, mainly outside Balgariya.V same time, the country has about 700 thousand. People who neither study nor work as more than a quarter million of them are young people.
Problem facing businesses is its manpower and low education of people of working age. According to the Economic Chamber of about 700 thousand. Of them are without secondary education and basic hunger for labor is precisely for positions that require such.
Businesses also not particularly active in the training of workers to be prepared to fill vacant positions also show data from studies of the economic chamber.
When businesses proved that informed in detail about the dual system are around 21-22%, some information has about 59% of employers said Tomov, citing a survey of the Chamber among 1,000 companies. About 18% of employers did was aware in detail and are interested in learning through work.
In vocational schools - around 4% have not heard of system of duality education familiar in details are 1/3, others have partial information.
Only 23% of employers have targeted policies and programs and systematically invest in training and development of human resources, said Tomov.Tova leads to the problem that people who are appointed with good qualifications gradually lose.
According to a pilot study skills grow old quickly, he said. When computer specialists example competence is lost after 3-4 years if no additional qualification. When engineers in automation and electronics this happened 5-6 years ago, said Tomov.
At the same time Bulgaria ranks last in the EU on the "lifelong learning" and only 1.7 percent of Bulgarians doobrazovat. EU average is 13%.